The BAM project addresses these challenges, targeting to the development of 2 new, innovative and smart building materials, which will offer the appropriate resistance against both impact, blast and fire, and will be manufactured with 2 different methods, i.e.: i) with the conventional precast method and ii) with 3D printing manufacturing.

Therefore, the Scientific Objectives (SO) of the BAM project focusing on the design, development and validation of a) a Hybrid Laminated Material with combined resistance to blast, impact and fire and b) a Smart Composite Geopolymeric Concrete with simultaneous resistance to blast, impact and fire.

Both materials will be resistant to fire withstanding temperatures which are met in building applications, i.e. up to 1050 °C shown in ISO-834 fire curve. In addition, the materials will be resistant to explosive load equal to 3.5 kg, which simulates a typical building explosion and impact loads, validated through drop hammer tests (i.e. 20 kg hammer from 4 m drop-height). The performance of both materials will be measured and quantified by applying existing standard tests and analytical methods.

For the development of the 2 materials the technology of geopolymerisation will be utilized, which is an innovative technology with several applications and lower environmental footprint compared to other conventional materials. In addition to the above, the production of the materials will be performed through 3D printing, which is a novel method that offers faster and easier manufacturing, along with less waste generation. Furthermore, the main advantage of applying 3D printing in the building sector is the customization of products according to the particular needs of a building, which are difficult to be met with conventional methods.